The index rates living conditions in 173 cities across 5 categories: stability, healthcare, culture and environment, education, and infrastructure.
Being a prominent global hub, Singapore is well-acquainted with securing spots on prestigious rankings. Recent acknowledgments include being hailed as the “best business environment” by the EIU, holding the title of the “world’s freest economy” by The Heritage Foundation, clinching fourth place for global economic competitiveness according to the International Institute for Management Development, and securing eighth position in Schroders’s global city index. As such, it wasn’t entirely unexpected that Singapore didn’t make it into the top ten of the Economist Intelligence Unit’s (EIU) latest global ranking of the most liveable cities.
Nonetheless, this Southeast Asian metropolis managed to secure a notable position, claiming the tenth spot among cities in the Asia-Pacific region. In this year’s EIU liveability index—a comprehensive assessment of cities’ desirability as places to reside— the highest global average score in 15 years was recorded. This indicates a full recovery of living conditions worldwide from the disruptive impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyles and daily lives. The index evaluates living conditions across 173 cities, utilizing five key categories: stability, healthcare, culture and environment, education, and infrastructure. While most categories showed improvement, the stability score registered a decline on average in 2023. While several eastern European cities rebounded due to distancing from the Ukrainian conflict, stability issues persisted elsewhere.
Instances such as labor strikes, protests in European cities like Greece and France, and fatal clashes in Israel and Peru contributed to lower stability scores. The EIU highlighted the potential for further stability score drops due to inflation, posing a threat to overall liveability scores in various parts of the globe over the upcoming year. The index revealed that cities in the Asia-Pacific region have rebounded the most, with eight of the ten biggest upward movers coming from the region. New Zealand’s Wellington rose 35 spots to take 23rd place, while Auckland rose 25 places to land at number 10. Hanoi, Vietnam, moved up 20 places to 129, whereas Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, jumped 19 positions.
Post-pandemic improvements in education and healthcare led to an improvement in scores across Asia. These two factors are also the main reasons scores in Africa and the Middle East rose. The EIU named Vienna, the “City of Music”, also known as the “City of Dreams”, the most liveable city in the world for the fourth time in five years. The Economist report credited Vienna for its excellent mix of stability, culture, entertainment, and reliable infrastructure. Copenhagen, a similarly sized city with many of the same characteristics, is second. Melbourne, which regularly features among the top in the ranking, came in third place. Fellow Aussie city Sydney is fourth. Canada has three cities in the top ten: Vancouver in fifth, Calgary in 7th, and Toronto in 9th. The other cities that made it into the top ten are Zurich (6th), Geneva (joint 7th), Osaka (10th), and Auckland (10th). As an expat, the downside of living in these cities is that you should not expect to receive any form of “hardship” compensation.
The liveability survey was designed by the EIU to help companies calculate hardship allowances for staff who were moving to a new and possibly less tolerable city. In all, nine of the top ten cities are small to midsized. All ten, and indeed, most of the top 50, are in rich countries. Big cities with high levels of crime, congestion, and density tend to fare less well. Of the 10 cities to slip farthest down the rankings, three were in the UK—Edinburgh, Manchester, and Londonand two in the US—Los Angeles and San Diego. London fell 12 places from a year ago to 46th, and New York tumbled ten spots to 69th. Most Chinese cities were “broadly stable when compared to last year’s results,” according to the survey.
The four Indian cities in the study—New Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, and Bangalore—are ranked between positions 45 and 50 among Asia-Pacific cities. In the Asia-Pacific region, Karachi, Port Moresby (Papua New Guinea), and Dhaka are the three least desirable cities to live in. In the global rank, they are in positions 169, 168, and 167, respectively. At the base of the global rankings, Damascus claims the unenviable distinction of being the world’s least liveable city, a position it has occupied for over a decade. Slightly higher up the list at 172 is Tripoli, although its score is nearly ten points higher than that of Syria’s war-ravaged capital. Kyiv, despite its efforts to shield itself from the conflict, also finds itself within the bottom ten.
Omitted from the 2022 index due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine during data collection, Kyiv’s infrastructure score of 23.2 out of 100 stands as the index’s lowest, largely due to the impact of Russian airstrikes. “The transition toward a semblance of normalcy post-pandemic has had a positive impact on global liveability in 2023,” commented Upasana Dutt, head of the EIU’s liveability index.
Dutt noted, “Education has rebounded, with children returning to schools, and the strain on hospitals and healthcare systems has notably decreased, showcasing improvements in numerous cities across developing economies in Asia and the Middle East.” Looking forward, Dutt added, “With the geopolitical and economic center of the world continuing its eastward shift, we anticipate a gradual ascent of cities from these regions in our liveability rankings.”